Categories
books

Greek Independence

Book Review

The Greek Revolution 1821 And The Making Of Modern Europe

By

Mark Mazower

Penguin Press.

2021

This excellent new book on the Greek War Of Independence is a must read. This is fine history that recounts the good and the bad. Mazower recounts the founding of the Filiki Etaireia by Greeks who were planning revolution against the Ottoman Empire.

There was no sympathy for Greeks in Europe. Even the Russians believed it was not the time. The Europeans made clear they would not support the breakup of any Empire and there was no room for the formation of new countries.

The Greek uprising becomes more remarkable for the climate in which it occurred. The Greeks fought the Ottoman Turks directly, but indirectly they were fighting the world. In the end they defeated the world.

There are some fascinating new insights here. The Greeks revolted and manage to drive the Turks from territory. After centuries of oppression, the Greeks could not be stopped once the fighting began.

The Greek cause attracted the great powers who had no choice but to intervene. Philhellenes in America and Europe volunteered to fight with the Greeks. Regardless, the war was cruel and vicious and acts of slaughter resulted from Turkish reprisals.

Mazower writes much about the way the Greeks were perceived in America and Europe. The Great Powers had to concede that they could not stop the Greeks. The Great Powers proposed autonomy for Greece, but Turkish intransigence made it inevitable that Greece would become fully independent.

There is great information about the provisional government in Greece. The provisional government in Greece carried on very effectively despite all the hardships and difficulties. When Independence was achieved, a foreign King was imposed on Greeks and Greece has been under foreign influence ever since.

Greek Independence was a magnificent achievement. Greece lives as a result of its heroes and people. The provisional government of Greece should be the basis of what Greece still has the potential to be. There were distinguished leaders such as Alexandros Mavrokordatos, Petros Mavromihalis, and others.

This is a terrific book about the Greek War Of Independence on sale in bookstores and online.

Categories
political

Ukraine

Morality is above politics. At this point it is necessary for Russia to stop the war. The deliberate targeting of civilians in war is a war crime. American and NATO criticism of Russia is enormously hypocritical considering the targeting of American bombing of civilians in Serbia and Iraq. Regardless, two wrongs do not make a right.

There is conflicting information about what is happening in Ukraine. The existence of bio labs seems to be a fact despite denials by Washington. The biases of the western media against Russia is also a fact.

On the other hand, it is also a fact that Russia invaded Ukraine. The war must end and this will give both parties the opportunity to make their cases. Politically, the political leanings of this blog have been expressed very often over the past two years.

What matters first and foremost are the lives of people on the ground in Ukraine who either been killed or have left their homes. It should also matter to the Russians that the Ukrainian Orthodox Church has condemned the war and there is a serious movement in Ukraine to break away from the Patriarch of Moscow. Russia’s claims to political leadership in Orthodoxy (which this blog champions) is being seriously compromised by the unceasing war in Ukraine.

Orthodox Christians were correctly outraged in 1999 when NATO bombed Serbia on Orthodox Pascha. Russia is bombing another Orthodox country during the great fast. It will not serve Russia well if the bombing of Ukraine continues into Pascha.

The war needs to end now and deescalation should be the goal of an Orthodox leader. The example of Byzantine Emperors who usually tried to avoid wars should have been the example of Russia. War making has usually been the love of western aggression and imperialism.

The Crusader genocide and crimes against Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem filled the Greek Orthodox with disgust and revulsion. Now, there are certain similarities between the subsequent Crusader attack on Constantinople in 1204 and NATO’s expansion to the Russian border in our own day. Ukrainian civilians however are not responsible for the acts of aggression emanating from NATO.

The Russians should learn from the self destructive actions of the Byzantine Empire which devoured itself in its final centuries through repeated miscalculations and civil wars. The inter Orthodox war in Ukraine is similar to the civil wars between Orthodox Greeks in Byzantium and the wars between the Greeks and the Serbs and Bulgarians.

The major beneficiary then was the Ottoman Empire. The war in Ukraine strengthens NATO and Turkey over the long term. Russia should end the war now.

Categories
cinema

The New Batman

Film Review

The Batman

Warner Brothers has launched a reboot of Batman. I am an admirer of Christopher Nolan’s “Dark Knight” trilogy and so I was skeptical of this new Batman film going in to the theater. Especially so, after the terrible films that featured Ben Affleck as Batman. This film did not disappoint.

There is something Christian about superhero films. In the gospel, Christ teaches us to do good works in secret and store up treasures in heaven. We should not practice our piety in front of men so we may receive the greater reward later.

Superheroes to an extent practice humility and self sacrifice. They have secret identities and so their heroism is never really known to the general public. The greatest example of a superhero denying himself is Peter Parker who is Spiderman. For Parker, being a superhero is a drag that interferes with his life but he does the right thing at the expense of his own personal life.

Much the same can be said about Bruce Wayne but not to the same extent as Parker. Bruce Wayne is a millionaire living in the corrupt Gotham city that is dominated by the mob and other criminals. Wayne could live a life of luxury but chooses to become Batman and to risk his life in order to protect the public. Like Spiderman, he is misunderstood and slandered by the media.

“The Batman” recycles much of the same formula as previous versions such as Nolan’s films and Tim Burton’s 1989 “Batman” film. At the same time it is its own film and while it resembles Nolan’s “The Dark Knight” it is not a rip off and it moves in a new direction. This time the villain is the Riddler who did not appear in any of Nolan’s films.

The new version of the Riddler is darker and more disturbing than Jim Carrey’s portrayal in the 1995 “Batman Forever” or Frank Gorshin’s Riddler from the 1960’s television series. As with the portrayal of the Joker by Heath Ledger and Joaquin Phoenix, the Riddler is a a psychopath and any of the comedic characteristics from performances by Gorshin and Carrey are nonexistent here.

There are some similarities with Nolan’s “The Dark Knight” and “The Joker” by Todd Phillips that are too much alike at times. But these similarities are limited and the film stands on its own overall. Robert Pattinson is a great Batman and the film works largely because of his performance.

The supporting cast is great. There is the usual action that occurs in Batman films but there is also a horror-gothic atmosphere throughout the early parts of the film which is unique. This is a successful reboot of the Batman franchise and a major improvement over the terrible Justice league films that featured Batman.

As with Christopher Nolan’s films and Phillip’s “The Joker” this is not a film for children. It is however Christian in the sense that the hero is willing to make personal sacrifices to help others. And like these other films, “The Batman” takes the subject of evil very seriously.

The city of Gotham is a metaphor for the fallen world we live in. In this film and in the Nolan films Batman can be seen as a metaphor for the Christian Church offering light and hope in times of darkness and evil. The themes of faith, sacrifice, and redemption are strong in superhero films and Batman is no exception.

The film is too dark and violent for younger children but for older people this film is a tremendous experience. The struggle of good and evil is depicted very well. Villains in these movies can be viewed as representing the devil. Evil incarnate and Batman is a sort of exorcist with a calling to crush the evil one.

A terrific film and highly recommended. It is great to be back at the movies.

Categories
faith

Sunday Of Orthodoxy 2022

What an immoral state of affairs in which we commemorate the triumph of Orthodoxy! One Orthodox country has invaded another Orthodox country. Orthodox and other Christians in Ukraine are fleeing the bombs of Orthodox Christians!

When Orthodox Christians are not killing each other, Patriarchs are feuding with one another and denouncing one another. This blog has been critical of Patriarch Bartholomew and it is now time to criticize Patriarch Kyril of Moscow as well. Patriarch Kyril has badly mishandled the Russian Church’s position on the Ukrainian war.

There are certain things that Patriarch Kyril has said that are true about the west’s hostility toward Russia. It was in poor taste to make these points while Ukraine is being bombed. The present inter Orthodox wars bring to mind the destructive and mad policies of the past.

During the fourteenth century Emperor John Cantacuzenos of Constantinople turned to help from the Turks to fight Orthodox Serbs. Greeks and Serbs were at war. The Greek Emperor brought in Turkish mercenaries to the Balkans to fight the Serbs. The Turks did not leave and the Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans was begun.

During the first Balkan War, Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria fought the Turks. The Bulgarians were unhappy with their share of territory and proceeded to attack fellow Orthodox Greeks and Serbs. The Greeks and the Serbs (joined by Romania) got the upper hand. Bulgarians burned Greek Churches and Greeks burned Bulgarian Churches! Orthodox Christians indeed!

On March 12 we commemorate the triumph of the icons and the defeat of the iconoclast heresy. What triumph do we commemorate in the midst of war and inter Church strife? It did not have to be this way.

Exactly thirty years ago, a young and energetic new Patriarch in Constantinople convened a remarkable synaxis at the Patriarchate to commemorate the Sunday of Orthodoxy. The heads of all Orthodox Churches were there except the Archbishop of Cyprus and the Patriarch of the Georgian Church. It was a display of real Orthodox unity coming on the heals of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the liberation of Orthodox Churches from the communist yoke.

For the peace of the Church and the world, things seemed promising. Now we see how things have transpired. Wars in Ukraine over the Church have been accompanied by a real military war.

There are three Patriarchs in Orthodoxy today (Constantinople, Alexandria, Moscow) who behave more like politicians than spiritual leaders. Patriarch of Moscow faces a rebellion from the bishops of the canonical Church in Ukraine whose faithful do not wish to hear the name of the Russian commemorated in the liturgy. Greeks should not be throwing stones at the Russian Patriarch.

Patriarch Bartholomew gave his blessing to Turkish troops in 2018 who proceeded to invade the Kurdish regions of Syria. Patriarch Bartholomew in collaboration with the State Department started the Church war in Ukraine. Adding to this chaos, Patriarch Theodore of Alexandria has the audacity to condemn the Russian Church for establishing an exarchate in Africa when Alexandria entered into communion with schismatics in Ukraine.

The Church should be a force for morality in peace in the midst of the present war. Instead, Patriarchs are taking partisan political stances by siding with secular authorities. The Orthodox Churches must remember that in our tradition there is no such thing as “Crusades” or “Holy War”. There is no such thing as just war as the Roman Catholics teach.

The Emperor Alexios Comnenos of Constantinople and the members of his Court were critical of the Roman Catholic Crusaders for mixing faith and war. This writer is a Hellenic nationalist and a proud Russophile. At this hour, the Orthodox world should be thinking about the ordinary people in Ukraine.

On the other hand, there are the Russian speakers of Eastern Ukraine who were bombed an harassed for years by Ukrainian fascists. We should be thinking all these people who are created in the image of God. The war must end!

Being opposed to the war does not make one sympathetic to either NATO or the United States. NATO’s expansion and a decade’s worth of anti Russian hate in the media contributed to tensions. At this point, Russia should heed the calls of Orthodox Patriarchs who have appealed to Moscow for an end to the war.

The most important Orthodox bishop in the world right now is his beatitude Metropolitan Onuphry of Kiev. He is the canonical bishop of Ukraine who along with his clergy and faithful have endured persecution by the schismatic entity for several years. The invasion of Ukraine does not make their plight easier.

The War Must End!

Written on the eve of the Sunday of Orthodoxy 2022

Theodore Karakostas

Categories
faith

An Autocephalous Church For America

Orthodoxy in America is divided between various “jurisdictions”. These include the OCA (Orthodox Church in America), Antiochian, Greek, Russian and other Orthodox Churches. According to Canon Law, there must be one bishop or Church in each place.

There are established Orthodox Churches in Russia, Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Georgia and elsewhere. There is no reason why there should not be an American Church that unites all Orthodox in America. The Greek Archdiocese has become involved in international politics involving both the State Department and the governments of Greece and Turkey.

The Russians are involved with Russia. Here in America, we can begin to separate the spiritual from the political. Certainly, we can all be supportive of the old countries but the priority of the Church is to evangelize in accordance with the will of Jesus Christ. It really is past time to solve this problem.

At a time when international problems are growing and people are becoming fearful, the voice of God is needed to be heard. All Orthodox should focus on building a united Church in America that will free itself from the political problems afflicting the Churches in the mother lands. We are Orthodox Christians and we should focus now on spiritual matters rather than on factionalism and division.

A united Orthodox Church in America should have been established long ago. It is time for all Orthodox in America to temporarily put Constantinople and Moscow aside and focus on what is happening here. There are souls to be saved and a fight that is looming from the neo pagans and secularists.

Let us reflect. A united Church in America that is fully autocephalous would be in a better position to witness Orthodoxy in America and to help the Orthodox lands that are in so much turmoil and pain.

Categories
political

Biological Research Facilities in Ukraine

https://greenwald.substack.com/p/victoria-nuland-ukraine-has-biological?r=oleb7&s=r&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=email

Victoria Nuland from the State Department has acknowledged in a rather deceitful way that there are labs in Ukraine that have conducted biological research. As the above linked article states, Nuland has expressed concern about this research falling into the hands of the Russians. This may possibly indicate that Washington has not been entirely forthcoming about its activities in Ukraine.

There is much we do not know. The war however must end.

Categories
faith

Caught In The Middle

As a Greek Orthodox in America, I am profoundly uncomfortable with the state of Orthodoxy in the world. Orthodox Russia has invaded Orthodox Ukraine. Invading other countries is wrong regardless of religion. That Ukraine is Orthodox makes this war doubly tragic.

While tension rise between the West and Russia, Orthodox Churches are feuding among each other. Patriarch Theodore of Alexandria has lashed out at the Russian Church for establishing an exarchate in Africa. The Patriarch arrogantly forgets his offense in establishing communion with a schismatic sect on the territory of the Russian Church.

Patriarch Bartholomew without remorse continues arrogantly behaving as if he is not responsible for the greatest schism in Orthodoxy in nearly one thousand years. Patriarch Kyril of Moscow missed the opportunity to speak critically of the war in Ukraine and many bishops of the suffering Ukrainian Church and people have ceased commemorating him.

The Orthodox Churches are behaving badly. They serve as examples to the secular rulers of the world. Patriarch Bartholomew is aligned with Washington and Patriarck Kyril has dangerously aligned himself with the war. In Russia, at least two hundred and seventy two priests have signed a letter calling on President Putin to stop the war.

Orthodox Patriarchs should remember they are supposed to serve Christ first and foremost! Morality is above politics and comes from heaven. Many of us Orthodox seem to have forgotten this in our zeal and our anger at past injustices.

As it stands now, political differences can wait. The Ukrainian people deserve our sympathy and moral support. As the world waits for the politicians to come to the table, the Patriarchs should be an example of how to behave. If the Patriarchs cannot reconcile with one another, why should the politicians of the world?

Morality before politics. Orthodoxy before politics.

Categories
faith

Great Lent And The War

Today is Clean Monday in the Orthodox Church. The Great Fast has begun. A great way for the fast to proceed would by for Orthodox Russia to stop bombing Orthodox Ukraine. The Orthodox Churches have already appealed to President Putin to stop the bombing.

New appeals should be made in light of the beginning of Great Lent. Politics should be put aside and consideration should be given to the people of Ukraine and the soldiers of both countries. Russia should stop the war and let negotiations proceed.

Categories
faith

End The War Now!

President Vladimir Putin is on the opposite side of the United States and Europe. He has now placed himself in opposition to the public protests and appeals of the Orthodox Churches. A head of state aspiring to lead the Orthodox world can not defy the consensus of Orthodox leaders worldwide.

Russia needs to put an end to the war by agreeing to a ceasefire and ceasing from disrupting the lives of people in Ukraine. As has been written before on this blog, a resolution should be bases on a land for peace basis. Russia should withdraw from Ukrainian territory in exchange for NATO agreeing not install bases in Ukrainian and making Ukraine a member of NATO.

The danger exists of escalation with American and Russian forces possibly confronting one another. On the American side, it should be understood that the dangerous rhetoric over the years directed at the Russians has contributed to the war. On the Russian side, it should be understood that the invasion of Ukraine led to the suffering of innocent people who bear no responsibility for the geopolitical rivalry that was instigated by the west.

Orthodox Christians should strive for and end to the war in fulfillment of the established positions of the synods of the local Churches. It should also be understood that the Ukrainian Orthodox Church has condemned the invasion. The war must end and negotiations should proceed.

Categories
Commentary

The Importance Of Moderation

It is impossible to support the invasion of Ukraine and the attacks on population centers. But, there is much more to the story of what has transpired. It is important to keep an open mind at a time when media coverage is fanatically anti Russian.

When we say anti Russian we are not talking about Vladimir Putin or the policies of the Russian government. Everyone is entitled to their opinion and to criticize any and all governments and political figures. In America and Europe there is a climate of hatred against individuals who happen to be of Russian ancestry. A Russian conductor in Germany was forced out for refusing to give an opinion on Putin. In Italy, a course on Dostoevsky was cancelled at a University as if a writer who died in the nineteenth century has anything to do with current events.

I have experience as a Greek American writer with the media and the distorted way they have presented Greece and Cyprus to the American public. For example, in 2006 I made phone calls to the editorial offices of the New York Times to complain about an editorial on Cyprus. Two years earlier Cyprus had rejected a UN Plan for Cyprus that would have solidified the Turkish occupation.

The Times editorial said that Cyprus had rejected a reunification plan for Cyprus. This was flat out wrong and is an example of how the media has misrepresented Greek issues with bias. The best example of media misrepresentation if the example of Serbia. During the 1990’s, a hate campaign was directed against the Serbs (much like the Russians today).

Serbia was bombed by NATO for seventy eight days and the fact is that civilians were DELIBERATELY targeted. General Wesley Clark of the US supported the bombing of civilian targets. By all rights Clark, Bill Clinton, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and Undersecretary of State Richard Holbrooke should have been charged with war crimes.

America and NATO do not apply the standards they set for others to themselves. We know about the weapons of mass destruction in Iraq which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis. We could discuss the use of torture at Abu Ghraib prison by the war criminals George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and others.

Again, one does NOT endorse Russian actions in Ukraine by raising other matters to provide clarification and greater context. In the fall of 2020, Azerbaijan invaded Armenia and slaughtered Armenian civilians and prisoners of war. Few people are aware of this because the media selectively chooses what to cover and henceforth the media decides what people should see.

In 2016, Hillary Clinton wife of the sexual predator and narcissist Bill Clinton lost the Presidential election. The media uncritically accepted her bogus claims that Russia stole the elections for Trump. This is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT in light of current events. Federal Prosecutor John Durham recently released a report making it clear there was NO RUSSIAN INTERFERENCE in the 2016 elections.

How many people know this? Very few because CNN, MSNBC, and the other frauds did not highlight this as they overplayed the false accusations against Russia. Prosecutor John Durham indicted Hillary’s campaign aide Michael Sussman for lying to the FBI about the Russians and the elections.

The media and the Democratic Party turned public opinion against the Russians YEARS before last week’s invasion of Ukraine. Imagine a country’s media spending years espousing anti semitism and hatred of Jews. Would the state of Israel be friendly of that country and its media or would it become hostile and strengthen its defenses in light of the suffering of Jews throughout history.

Well informed people keep up with all viewpoints and look for evidence and facts. There are opposing facts being declared in American media and other sources more friendly to the Russians. It is very hard to figure out what is true and what is not. Some of us have seen the way that Greece has been depicted in the media and we have seen how the Serbs and Arabs have been depicted.

One must always keep an open mind in a wave of hysteria. During the Second World War, Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps. One of the most deplorable policies of the Trump administration was banning people from some Muslim countries from entering the US.

The media have not done anybody any favors by the way they have depicted Russia and Russians in general over the past few years. Much could be said about the American efforts to split the Greek Churches from the Russian Church but that would take too much space. One more thing before concluding.

Russia is a country worthy of admiration and respect. I am proud to be a Russophile. Russia is the last bastion of Christianity in the world. This is the country that has suffered horrendously in history. The is the country that defeated Napolean. This is the country that lost twenty million lives and crushed Hitler while suffering the loss of millions to the Communists.

The slander of Russians by the western media whose expertise is based on the Kardashians is a moral outrage! Serious people want an end to the war that should never have been started. The Russians are in the wrong for invading and to an extent they have made things worse.

But the years of NATO expansion and years of anti Russian hatred have contributed to the events that are transpiring. It should not be forgotten that in 2017 former Clinton advisor Paul Begala recommended that Donald Trump bomb Russia because of the now disproven allegations that Russia interfered with the elections.

The holy synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church under his beatitude Metropolitan Onuphrios has condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Orthodox Patriarchs and Archbishops have asked President Putin to stop the war. The Orthodox Church is conciliar and always under the influence of the holy spirit. Therefore, Russia must end the war!